在学习高中英语中,我们不仅要记忆单词,并且要看懂句子的成分结构,其中英语中定语和状语是大家最难区分的,那么,到底什么是定语和状语呢?英语中定语和状语的区别是什么呢?
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词,此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
(1). She is a (natural) musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
(2). He must be the best violinist (alive).他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语。
如 (1). A (baby) girl 女婴
(2). (well) water 井水
(3). (Sports) car 双座轻型汽车
(4). A (fool’s) paradise 梦幻的天堂
3.代词作定语。
(1). (Your) hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)
(2). (Everybody’s) business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。 (不定代词所有格作定语)
4.数词作定语
(1). There’s only (one) way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a (second) chance. 现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
5. 副词充当定语时常后置,如:
the room (above) 楼上的房间
the world (today) 今日世界
the way (out) 出路
a day (off) 休息日
6.不定式用作定语
(1). Her promise (to write) was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
(2). That’s the way (to do) it.那正是做此事的方法。
7.动名词用作定语. A (walking) stick 拐杖 (sleeping) pills 安眠药 (eating) implements 吃饭用具 (learning) method 学习方法
8.分词充当定语
a (sleeping) child 正在睡中的小孩
a (drinking) man 嗜酒者
a (retired) worker 一个退休工人
a (faded) flower 一朵谢了的花
9.介词短语用作定语。
(1). This is a map (of China). 这是一幅中国地图。
(2). The wild look (in his eyes) spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
10.从句用作定语,即定语从句 The car (that’s parked outside) is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, (which I noticed outside), has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。状语的作用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping (today or tomorrow)? In China Hu Jintao (now) is the leader.
(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。 There are plenty of fish (in the sea). She kissed her mother (on the platform)(月台).
(3)。原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。 (Because he was ill) ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes (because I like them).
(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。 She woke(醒) suddenly (to find someone standing in the doorway.) She spoke so softly (that I couldn’t hear what she said. )
(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。 He ran (for shelter)(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。 (In order to get into a good school), I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。 We’ll be lucky (to get there before dark). (If he were to come), what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。 (For all his money), he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。 He helped me (although he didn’t know me.)
(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。 The lecture is (very) interesting. (To what extent) would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何?
(9)。伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。 My train starts at six, (arriving at Chicago at ten). He stood there ,(pipe(烟斗) in mouth).
什么是定语和状语?英语中定语和状语的区别
2023-06-24 10:04:38作者:敏敏